集中供熱系統(tǒng)低碳清潔化演進技術研究

目錄
第1 章 緒論 ······································································.001
1.1 背景和意義 ····························································.002
1.1.1 碳達峰與碳中和 ··············································.002
1.1.2 風電發(fā)展與棄風 ··············································.002
1.1.3 清潔供熱目標 ·················································.005
1.2 供熱技術的現(xiàn)狀與問題 ·············································.007
1.2.1 現(xiàn)行規(guī)范 ·······················································.007
1.2.2 高溫熱媒與低品位可再生能源 ···························.008
1.2.3 熱力站間接連接 ··············································.010
1.2.4 要求熱泵出水溫度高 ········································.010
1.2.5 無補償冷安裝難以真正實現(xiàn) ······························.011
1.3 推進低碳清潔供熱技術的途徑 ····································.011
1.4 研究現(xiàn)狀與分析 ······················································.014
第2 章 既有散熱器低溫運行存在的問題及解決方法 ··················.017
2.1 低溫運行存在的問題 ················································.022
2.1.1 散熱器面積的變化 ···········································.022
2.1.2 室內(nèi)溫度的變化 ··············································.028
2.2 低溫散熱器的應用 ···················································.033
2.3 室內(nèi)混合供熱系統(tǒng)的應用 ··········································.035
2.3.1 散熱器和地板輻射串聯(lián)系統(tǒng) ······························.035
2.3.2 散熱器和毛細管串聯(lián)系統(tǒng) ·································.037
2.3.3 散熱器和谷電協(xié)調(diào)供熱·····································.037
第3 章 既有供熱系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)化為多能互補低溫區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng) ············.039
3.1 單管區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng) ···················································.042
3.1.1 單管系統(tǒng)的循環(huán)泵 ···········································.047
3.1.2 熱量分配 ·······················································.048
3.1.3 用戶供回水溫度 ··············································.048
3.1.4 單管系統(tǒng)的主要特點 ········································.049
3.2 雙管區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng) ···················································.050
3.3 三管區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng) ···················································.052
第4 章 多能互補低溫區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng)熱源 ·································.055
4.1 基本熱源 ·······························································.056
4.1.1 區(qū)域性熱力站 ·················································.056
4.1.2 低溫核供熱堆 ·················································.056
4.1.3 垃圾焚燒鍋爐 ·················································.059
4.1.4 熱電廠 ··························································.059
4.2 集中調(diào)峰熱源 ·························································.060
4.2.1 生物質(zhì)鍋爐 ····················································.060
4.2.2 中深層地熱能 ·················································.061
4.3 能源站 ··································································.062
4.3.1 布置在單管系統(tǒng)的雙向能源站 ···························.063
4.3.2 布置在雙管系統(tǒng)的雙向能源站 ···························.067
4.3.3 布置在三管系統(tǒng)的雙向能源站 ···························.071
第5 章 既有供熱系統(tǒng)建設能源站設備的優(yōu)化方法 ·····················.075
5.1 新建能源站系統(tǒng)配置 ················································.076
5.2 清潔供熱系統(tǒng)的運行優(yōu)化 ··········································.077
5.2.1 運行優(yōu)化的目標函數(shù) ········································.077
5.2.2 運行優(yōu)化的約束條件 ········································.079
5.2.3 決策變量 ·······················································.082
5.3 能源站設備容量優(yōu)化 ················································.082
5.3.1 設備容量優(yōu)化目標函數(shù)·····································.082
5.3.2 設備容量優(yōu)化的約束條件 ·································.084
5.3.3 設備容量優(yōu)化的計算流程 ·································.085
5.4 能源站設備容量優(yōu)化案例及討論 ·································.085
5.4.1 綜合計算條件 ·················································.086
5.4.2 遺傳算法和模式搜索及其最優(yōu)解 ························.088
5.4.3 熱源各機組運行工況的對比分析 ························.090
5.4.4 分時電價和余熱量的影響 ·································.096
第6 章 既有能源系統(tǒng)配置低碳清潔熱源的優(yōu)化方法 ··················.099
6.1 低碳清潔熱源 ·························································.100
6.2 低碳清潔熱源裝機容量的優(yōu)化模型 ······························.101
6.2.1 設備容量優(yōu)化目標函數(shù)與約束條件 ·····················.101
6.2.2 區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)機組的能耗計算 ···························.104
6.2.3 區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)總能耗費的優(yōu)化目標函數(shù)與約束條件 .107
6.2.4 優(yōu)化計算流程 ·················································.111
6.3 低碳清潔熱源設備優(yōu)化配置案例 ·································.111
6.3.1 風電場風資源及風電功率 ·································.111
6.3.2 區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)的電源和熱源、電負荷和熱負荷 ······.113
6.3.3 既有區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)設備的供電、供熱及系統(tǒng)棄風 ···.115
6.3.4 配置低碳清潔熱源的區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)的仿真計算 ····