中國(guó)風(fēng)俗發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史

一章 史前時(shí)期的風(fēng)俗文化·························································001 節(jié) 風(fēng)俗文化概述·······························································001 第二節(jié) 生產(chǎn)習(xí)俗·····································································004 第三節(jié) 居住習(xí)俗·····································································007一、穴居習(xí)俗·······································································008 二、巢居與干欄式房屋···························································009 三、原始聚落的形成······························································011 第四節(jié) 飲食習(xí)俗·····································································012一、火的發(fā)現(xiàn)與飲食習(xí)俗的形成···············································012 二、炊具的發(fā)明和使用···························································014 三、飲食結(jié)構(gòu)和食物種類(lèi)························································015 第五節(jié) 服飾習(xí)俗·····································································019一、服飾的功能和起源···························································019 二、服飾樣式的形成和發(fā)展·····················································020 三、原始信仰與服飾······························································023 第六節(jié) 社會(huì)組織與婚姻····························································024一、血緣家庭公社的形成和發(fā)展···············································024 二 、母系氏族社會(huì)的社會(huì)組織與婚姻·········································027 三、父系氏族社會(huì)的社會(huì)組織與婚姻·········································036 第七節(jié) 喪葬習(xí)俗·····································································044一、母系氏族社會(huì)的喪葬習(xí)俗··················································045 二、父系氏族社會(huì)的喪葬習(xí)俗··················································046 第八節(jié) 信仰習(xí)俗·····································································048 一、自然崇拜·······································································050二、土地崇拜·······································································051 三、圖騰崇拜·······································································052 四、祖先崇拜·······································································053 第二章 先秦時(shí)期的風(fēng)俗文化·························································055節(jié) 風(fēng)俗文化概述·······························································055 第二節(jié) 生產(chǎn)習(xí)俗·····································································058 一、農(nóng)耕文化與歷法的產(chǎn)生·····················································058 二、農(nóng)事活動(dòng)與耕作技術(shù)························································059三、都市形成與手工業(yè)商業(yè)發(fā)展···············································060 第三節(jié) 居住習(xí)俗·····································································063 一、《考工記》與先秦建筑·······················································064 二、高臺(tái)建筑特色·································································064第四節(jié) 飲食習(xí)俗·····································································065 一、飲食品類(lèi)的變化······························································066 二、烹飪技術(shù)的進(jìn)步······························································067 三、酒文化與飲食器具···························································068四、飲食與禮儀觀念······························································070 五、飲食與養(yǎng)生····································································072 第五節(jié) 服飾習(xí)俗·····································································073 一、服飾文化的禮制化···························································073二、“胡服騎射”與著裝習(xí)俗····················································076 第六節(jié) 人生儀禮·····································································078 一、冠禮與笄禮····································································079 二、婚姻制度與婚禮要義························································080三、完備的喪葬制度與儀禮·····················································083 第七節(jié) 節(jié)日習(xí)俗·····································································087 一、節(jié)日習(xí)俗的萌芽與發(fā)展·····················································087 二、臘祭與節(jié)日習(xí)俗······························································090第八節(jié) 信仰習(xí)俗·····································································093 一、巫術(shù)與甲骨占卜······························································094 二、儺祭與儺儀····································································095 第三章 秦漢時(shí)期的風(fēng)俗文化·························································099節(jié) 風(fēng)俗文化概述·······························································099 第二節(jié) 生產(chǎn)習(xí)俗·····································································102 第三節(jié) 居住習(xí)俗·····································································105 一、宅地的選擇與民居建筑·····················································106二、秦漢時(shí)期的建筑技術(shù)························································107 三、建筑的信仰與禁忌···························································109 四、秦漢時(shí)期的建筑特點(diǎn)························································111 第四節(jié) 飲食習(xí)俗·····································································111一、秦漢時(shí)期的飲食資源························································111 二、食物的制作····································································114 三、飲食器具·······································································116 四、飲食習(xí)俗與風(fēng)尚······························································117第五節(jié) 服飾習(xí)俗·····································································119 一、秦漢時(shí)期的常服······························································120 二、秦漢時(shí)期的冠服······························································121 三、少數(shù)民族服飾·································································125第六節(jié) 人生儀禮·····································································127 一、生育習(xí)俗·······································································127 二、成年禮與婚姻·································································128 三、喪葬習(xí)俗·······································································132第七節(jié) 節(jié)令習(xí)俗·····································································135 一、除夕與元旦····································································135 二、元宵節(jié)··········································································138 三、上巳節(jié)··········································································139四、寒食節(jié)、清明節(jié)······························································139 五、端午節(jié)··········································································141 六、七夕·············································································143 七、重陽(yáng)節(jié)··········································································144第八節(jié) 信仰習(xí)俗·····································································145 第四章 魏晉南北朝時(shí)期的風(fēng)俗文化················································148 節(jié) 風(fēng)俗文化概述·······························································148 第二節(jié) 門(mén)閥制度與門(mén)閥士風(fēng)······················································153一、門(mén)閥制度·······································································154 二、門(mén)閥士風(fēng)·······································································156 第三節(jié) 生產(chǎn)習(xí)俗·····································································158 一、屯田與均田····································································159二、塢壁與塢壁經(jīng)濟(jì)······························································159 三、籍田制度下的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)·····················································160 第四節(jié) 居住習(xí)俗·····································································163 一、士族莊園的興建······························································164二、民居建筑與家具陳設(shè)························································166 第五節(jié) 飲食習(xí)俗·····································································167 一、豐富的飲食原料······························································167 二、烹調(diào)技藝的完善······························································168第六節(jié) 服飾習(xí)俗·····································································172 一、多彩的服飾習(xí)俗 ·····························································172 二、對(duì)時(shí)尚服飾的追求···························································174 第七節(jié) 婚姻與家庭··································································178一、門(mén)第與士庶婚姻······························································178 二、門(mén)閥制度下的婚姻狀況·····················································180 第八節(jié) 喪葬習(xí)俗·····································································181 一、喪葬觀念的變化······························································182二、厚葬與薄葬觀念的實(shí)踐·····················································183 三、喪葬儀禮·······································································185 第九節(jié) 節(jié)日習(xí)俗·····································································188 一、節(jié)日習(xí)俗的特點(diǎn)······························································188二、豐富多彩的節(jié)日習(xí)俗························································190 第十節(jié) 信仰習(xí)俗·····································································196 一、道教信仰·······································································196 二、佛教信仰·······································································198三、其他信仰習(xí)俗·································································200 第五章 隋唐五代時(shí)期的風(fēng)俗文化···················································201 節(jié) 風(fēng)俗文化概述·······························································201 一、隋唐時(shí)期的科舉、行卷之風(fēng)···············································201二、隋唐門(mén)閥與侈靡之風(fēng)························································203 三、隋唐各地風(fēng)俗·································································206 四、五代風(fēng)俗·······································································209 五、段成式與《酉陽(yáng)雜俎》·······················································210第二節(jié) 生產(chǎn)習(xí)俗·····································································213 一、水利設(shè)施與農(nóng)具改進(jìn)························································214 二、農(nóng)時(shí)占卜與災(zāi)害預(yù)防························································216 三、農(nóng)耕文化與游牧文化的交融···············································218四、手工業(yè)繁榮發(fā)展······························································218 第三節(jié) 居住習(xí)俗·····································································220 一、恢宏的唐代建筑······························································220 二、宅第建設(shè)的禁限制度························································224第四節(jié) 飲食習(xí)俗·····································································226 一、花樣翻新的餅食制作························································226 二、種類(lèi)繁多的菜肴食品························································228 三、陸羽的《茶經(jīng)》與茶文化··················································230第五節(jié) 服飾習(xí)俗·····································································232 一、羃離與帷帽····································································232 二、幞頭與紗帽····································································233 三、半臂與裙裝····································································235四、袍服·············································································237 五、婦女妝飾·······································································238 六、鞋與靴··········································································240 第六節(jié) 婚姻習(xí)俗·····································································241一、婚姻制度·······································································241 二、婚禮儀式的變革······························································243 第七節(jié) 喪葬習(xí)俗·····································································244 一、厚葬與喪葬制度的改革·····················································244二、歸葬與喪葬習(xí)俗······························································246 第八節(jié) 節(jié)日習(xí)俗·····································································247 一、除夕、元旦····································································248 二、元宵節(jié)··········································································251三、清明、寒食節(jié)·································································252 四、佛誕節(jié)··········································································253 五、端午、七夕、中秋、重陽(yáng)等節(jié)············································253 六、千秋節(jié)··········································································254第九節(jié) 信仰習(xí)俗·····································································255 第六章 宋遼西夏金時(shí)期的風(fēng)俗文化················································258 節(jié) 風(fēng)俗文化概述·······························································258 第二節(jié) 生產(chǎn)習(xí)俗·····································································264一、重農(nóng)思想與田園詩(shī)···························································264 二、茶與桑蠶習(xí)俗·································································267 第三節(jié) 居住習(xí)俗·····································································270 一、等級(jí)制度與建筑特色························································271二、《營(yíng)造法式》規(guī)范建筑·······················································272 三、宅第建筑與風(fēng)水觀···························································273 第四節(jié) 飲食習(xí)俗·····································································274 一、南北飲食習(xí)俗的融合························································274二、茶與茶道·······································································276 第五節(jié) 服飾習(xí)俗·····································································278 一、素雅新穎的婦女服飾························································279 二、男子冠戴·······································································281第六節(jié) 婚姻習(xí)俗·····································································282 一、婚姻價(jià)值的變化······························································282 二、婚禮儀程的繁縟······························································284 第七節(jié) 喪葬習(xí)俗·····································································286一、孝莫大于執(zhí)喪·································································286 二、厚葬與火葬····································································287 三、風(fēng)水與葬俗····································································289 第八節(jié) 節(jié)日習(xí)俗·····································································291一、元旦·············································································292 二、元宵節(jié)··········································································294 三、寒食·············································································295 四、端午節(jié)··········································································296五、乞巧節(jié)··········································································297 六、中秋節(jié)··········································································297 七、重陽(yáng)節(jié)··········································································298 八、交年與除夕····································································299第九節(jié) 信仰習(xí)俗·····································································301 第十節(jié) 宋代筆記小說(shuō)對(duì)民俗學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)··········································306 第七章 元朝時(shí)期的風(fēng)俗文化·························································312 節(jié) 風(fēng)俗文化概述·······························································312第二節(jié) 生產(chǎn)習(xí)俗·····································································315 一、官田、民田和屯田···························································316 二、《農(nóng)桑輯要》與王禎《農(nóng)書(shū)》···············································316 三、馬政制度與牧業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)························································318四、黃道婆的紡織技術(shù)···························································319 第三節(jié) 居住習(xí)俗·····································································320 一、元上都與元大都······························································320 二、穹廬與四合院建筑···························································322第四節(jié) 飲食習(xí)俗·····································································324 一、忽思慧的《飲膳正要》與衛(wèi)生營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)···································324 二、蒙古飲食與“詐馬宴”·······················································325 第五節(jié) 服飾習(xí)俗·····································································327一、蒙古族服飾罟罟冠···························································328 二、質(zhì)孫服與蒙古族男子服飾··················································330 第六節(jié) 婚姻習(xí)俗·····································································331 一、婚姻制度·······································································332二、婚姻必立婚書(shū)·································································333 三、部落外婚與《婚禮歌》·······················································334 第七節(jié) 喪葬習(xí)俗·····································································337 一、土葬、火葬與燒埋···························································337二、游牧民族的喪葬······························································338 第八節(jié) 節(jié)日習(xí)俗·····································································340 一、元旦朝賀·······································································341 二、元宵節(jié)·······················